Key words : treaty russia rejected
https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20220826_N02/
Delegates to a United Nations conference have been trying to agree on a document governing nuclear disarmament. They have been meeting since the beginning of the month to review the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.
However, they are divided over much of the wording. They have struggled to define what is known as "no-first use," which is a commitment to never use nuclear weapons in a preemptive strike or in response to non-nuclear attack.
The negotiators have heard repeated nuclear threats from Russia over Ukraine and from North Korea.
They are concerned about the dangers surrounding the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant, which is caught up in the fighting in Ukraine. They have tried to include a clause over returning control of the plant to the Ukrainians, but the Russians have rejected the idea.
The delegates also want to figure out how this treaty fits with another known as the Treaty on the Prohibition on Nuclear Weapons. But that, too, has been a sticking point.
Delegates at the last review conference on non-proliferation seven years ago failed to adopt a final document. This time, they have until Friday to reach a consensus.
Key words : treaty fail russia
https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20220827_05/
The closing meeting of a nuclear disarmament review conference got underway at the United Nations headquarters in New York on Friday, with countries trying to reach consensus on a final document.
Delegates have spent four weeks in talks for the review conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.
The final day started behind schedule. Diplomatic sources say conference president Gustavo Zlauvinen arranged for last-minute negotiations among countries, which are now expected to declare their position on the document.
A point of contention has been the wording in a passage on the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant in southeastern Ukraine. Russia and Ukraine continue to object.
The draft document presented on Thursday expressed grave concerns over shelling and military activities around the nuclear plant. In an apparent effort to avoid criticizing Russia by name, the passage noted that the parties confirmed the importance of ensuring Ukrainian authorities have control over the plant.
Diplomatic sources say Russia continues to oppose the draft, while Ukraine and some other countries are also unsatisfied with the wording, which they say has been watered down.
The NPT review conference failed to adopt a final document in its previous session seven years ago.
Key words : draft objected water
https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20220827_08/
Opposition by Russia to the wording of a draft document at a nuclear disarmament review meeting has scuttled efforts to reach consensus on the final day of talks.
The session on Friday of the review conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons was the culmination of four weeks of discussions at the United Nations headquarters in New York.
Conference president Gustavo Zlauvinen said that one country had regrettably objected to the draft.
A delegate from Russia responded that the document was not a balanced reflection of each country's position. He called for some items to be modified, and said Russia would not agree unless other parties showed a willingness to make changes.
The primary point of contention was a passage referring to the Russia-controlled Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant in southeastern Ukraine.
The draft presented on Thursday expressed grave concerns over shelling and military activities around the plant.
Without naming Russia, the document noted that the parties agreed the plant should be controlled by Ukrainian authorities. Russia objected to the passage.
Ukraine and some European countries claimed the wording had been watered down too much.
The previous review of the nuclear non-proliferation treaty, which took place seven years ago, also failed to achieve consensus on a final document.
Key words : hiroshima disappointment nagasaki
https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20220827_11/
Survivors of the 1945 atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki have expressed disappointment that the review conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons failed to adopt a final document.
The head of a survivors' group in Hiroshima, Mimaki Toshiyuki, told NHK that he cannot help but feel the NPT regime is worthless under the current circumstances.
He said his goal is to see nuclear weapons abolished while he is still alive, but he feels the words "nuclear disarmament" are now even more elusive.
The head of another survivors' group in Hiroshima, Sakuma Kunihiko, visited New York as the review conference got underway.
He told NHK he hopes that another round of discussions will be held soon.
He added that his group will continue to call for the abolition of nuclear arms despite the review conference's failure to reach consensus.
The head of a survivors' group in Nagasaki, Kawano Koichi, said he thinks member countries lacked willingness to compromise from the beginning.
He added that failure of the NPT review conference to reach consensus again raises the issue of how the world will respond to the reality that the non-proliferation regime is not working.
He said if the issue is not addressed, nuclear weapons will be left unchecked, an idea which he describes as horrible.
Key words : finland
https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20220827_09/
Sweden and Finland have agreed with Turkey to continue trilateral talks over the two Nordic countries' bids to join NATO.
In the wake of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Sweden and Finland abandoned their long-standing policy of being militarily neutral and applied for NATO membership.
Their applications need to be ratified by all 30 NATO members. Turkey has said it will agree to their accession to the alliance only after they drop their support for Kurdish militant groups that Ankara sees as terrorist organizations. It is urging the two countries to establish legal frameworks to hand over group members, among other conditions.
On Friday, the first three-way meeting took place in Finland to discuss the issue.
The Finnish Foreign Ministry says the participants agreed to continue negotiations to work out specific plans on the extradition of people wanted by Turkey.
Before the meeting, Turkish Justice Minister Bekir Bozdag said there have been no handovers nor official responses so far from either country. He warned that there would be no progress in terms of their NATO membership if things remain as they are.
Key words : moderna lawsuit
https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20220827_07/
US pharmaceutical firm Moderna has filed lawsuits against US drug maker Pfizer and its German partner BioNTech for alleged patent infringements over a COVID-19 vaccine.
In a news release, Moderna said it filed the lawsuits on Friday in the United States and Germany. The statement said the vaccine jointly developed by Pfizer and BioNTech infringes patents Moderna filed between 2010 and 2016 covering its foundational mRNA technology.
Moderna claims the two firms copied what it calls the "groundbreaking technology," without its permission, to produce their vaccine.
Moderna says it is not seeking to remove the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine from the market nor asking for an injunction to prevent its future sale.
Multiple overseas media have quoted a Pfizer spokesperson as saying, "We are surprised by the litigation given the COVID-19 vaccine was based on BioNTech's proprietary mRNA technology and developed by both BioNTech and Pfizer."
Key words : federal reserve
https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20220827_03/
US Federal Reserve Board Chairman Jerome Powell has hinted at more interest rate hikes in the coming months to tame the most severe inflation in four decades.
Powell delivered a speech on Friday at the Fed's annual economic symposium in Jackson Hole in the western US state of Wyoming. Central bank governors and economists of other major countries took part.
Powell said the economy does not work for anyone without price stability. He described measures to reduce inflation as "unfortunate costs", and said they are likely to bring some pain to households and businesses.
Powell also pointed to the need for a restrictive policy for some time. He said the size of the rate hike will be determined at the Fed's next meeting starting on September 20.
Wall Street plunged in response. The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed more than 1,000 points lower than the previous day for the first time in three months.
Analysts say investors were hoping the Fed would move toward monetary easing if inflation could be quickly brought under control.
Instead, Powell's remarks left markets bracing for more tightening, and raised concerns about the economy cooling down.
Key words : africa resource-rich
https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20220827_02/
The global race to tap into resource-rich Africa is heating up, and Japan will seek to make further inroads at a major conference in Tunisia.
The Tokyo International Conference on African Development kicks off on Saturday. The Japanese government co-hosts the event with the United Nations, World Bank and African Union Commission.
This is the eighth session since it began in 1993.
Japanese Prime Minister Kishida Fumio, who has contracted the coronavirus, will appear online.
He is expected to announce a series of initiatives, such as investment in renewable energies and support for human resources development in the agriculture and health industries.
The world's big powers are well aware of Africa's vast potential.
China has been deepening ties with nations on the continent through infrastructure projects and massive investments under the Belt and Road initiative.
The United States earlier this month laid out its Sub-Saharan Africa strategy. Washington is hosting leaders from the continent in December in an effort to strengthen relations.
And Russia is seeking to gain influence over Africa through resource development projects and arms exports.
Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov visited four nations on the continent last month, including Uganda. He praised the government for taking what he called a "balanced position" on the situation in Ukraine.
Lavrov also expressed Russia's readiness to sell oil to the country.
The UN estimates that Africa will account for a quarter of the global population by 2050.
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