00:00:10 (Maria Sato)
Hello, welcome to NHK Newsline. I'm Maria Sato in Tokyo.
IRAN PROTESTS LEAVE MORE THAN 500 PEOPLE DEAD
Demonstrations against soaring prices and other issues continued to rock Iran on Sunday.
NHK has learned more than 500 people have died.
The country's president claims the United States and Israel are inflaming the protests.
Iranians have been calling on the government to take measures against inflation.
They partly blame Western economic sanctions for the price increases, but the protests have morphed into broader anti-government rallies.
A US-based human rights group told NHK 496 people and 48 security personnel had lost their lives as of Sunday.
Local medical workers say many people may have died or been wounded in the capital, Tehran.
President Masoud Pezeshkian said in an interview with a national broadcaster on Sunday, people have a right to protest, but he asserted the US and Israel are masterminding chaos at public places.
He suggested they're behind fires set at mosques and other actions.
US President Donald Trump has warned Washington could conduct an attack on Iran if authorities crack down on protesters, on the protesters.
Iranian parliament speaker Mohammad Bagheer Kalibaf says US bases in Israel and the region will become legitimate targets if Iran is attacked.
TRUMP REITERATES POSSIBLE MILITARY ACTION ON IRAN
Trump reiterated on Sunday that military action against Iran is an option amid widespread protests in the country.
00:01:54 (Donald Trump / US President)
The military is looking at it and we're looking at some very strong options.
We'll make a determination.
00:02:03 (Maria Sato)
Trump criticized Iranian authorities, saying there seem to be some people killed that aren't supposed to be killed.
The Wall Street Journal says Trump is scheduled to meet senior US officials, including Secretary of State Marco Rubio and Defense Secretary Pete Hegsess, on Tuesday to discuss options for responding to the protests in Iran.
TRUMP ADMINISTRATION WIDENS FEDERAL RESPONSE TO MINNEAPOLIS PROTESTS
The Trump administration plans to send more federal employees to Minneapolis amid widening protests over the fatal shooting of a woman by an immigration agent.
The woman was shot in her car in the city on Wednesday by an agent from Immigration and Customs Enforcement, or ICE.
People across the United States took to the streets over the weekend to demonstrate against the Trump administration.
On Sunday, thousands marched outside Trump Tower in New York, chanting that the incident was caused by his administration's use of excessive force.
00:03:05 (protester 1)
We feel like it's important to be here, to have our voices heard.
I think what's happening is very scary in this country.
00:03:15 (protester 2)
A free country like America, where citizens are scared to walk on the road and citizens are walking around with passports and everything. It's just not right.
00:03:26 (Maria Sato)
Homeland Security Secretary Christy Noem said on a Fox News program on Sunday that the agency will be sending hundreds of more officers.
TRUMP STEPS UP PRESSURE ON CUBA
US President Trump has stepped up pressure on Cuba, warning it to make a deal before it's too late.
Trump wrote in a social media post on Sunday that Cuba lived for many years on large amounts of oil and money from Venezuela.
He said Venezuela now has the United States, the most powerful military in the world by far, to protect it. He wrote, There will be no more oil or money going to Cuba - ZERO!
Trump also said Cuba provided security services for what he called the last two Venezuelan dictators in return for oil and money.
But he said most of those personnel were killed in the US attack.
Trump said he strongly suggests that Cuba make a deal before it's too late.
Cuban President Miguel Diaz Canal said in a social media message on Sunday that Cuba is a free, independent, and sovereign nation.
He wrote that nobody dictates what Cubans do, and Cuba is ready to defend its homeland to the last drop of blood.
The Trump administration has placed emphasis on what it says is the stability of North and South America and the surrounding Western Hemisphere and is expected to seek greater influence over Cuba.
UKRAINE SUFFERS POWER OUTAGES, ZELENSKYY CONDEMNS RUSSIA
Ukraine is suffering through power outages caused by Russian military strikes even as the cold deepens.
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has condemned the winter attacks as deliberate terror.
In the capital, Kyiv, daytime highs have stood at around minus 10 degrees Celsius for the past several days.
Russia carried out large-scale attacks on Ukraine through Friday morning, causing widespread power outages.
Ukraine implements scheduled blackouts in many parts of the country amid the Russian strikes on electricity infrastructure.
A Kyiv resident showed us the scheduled power outages.
00:05:45 (resident in Ukraine)
The black one is without electricity, the light one is with electricity.
It's dark outside, dark inside, without electricity, without gas.
These circumstances are hard, but better than to be under occupation.
00:06:05 (Maria Sato)
Zelenskyy wrote on social media on Sunday that the action is deliberate, cynical Russian terror, specifically against civilians.
He went on to say that our internal resilience and the work to strengthen our defense are especially important, urging Ukrainians to remain steadfast.
JAPAN CELEBRATES COMING OF AGE DAY
Japan is celebrating Coming of Age Day.
Ceremonies for people turning 20 years old are being held across the country.
A ceremony was held in Mito City, northeast of Tokyo.
One young man said his aim is to study in China.
00:06:55 (one of the participants in Mito City)
I want to live independently.
Also, I want to return the favor my parents did me by raising me.
00:07:09 (Maria Sato)
Another ceremony was held in northern Japan's Akita City. Young men and women, wearing their best outfits, walked a runway on a specially prepared stage.
00:07:21 (one of the participants in Akita City)
I'm happy to be here with these two friends. This ceremony will become a great memory.
They have supported me in my life up to this point, so I want to continue to get along well with them for the rest of my life.
00:07:37 (Maria Sato)
The annual ceremony in the western city of Kitakyushu is well known for the flamboyant attire and hairstyles of the participants.
00:07:48 (one of the participants in the western city of Kitakyushu)
I chose this flashy pink color for today's outfit. I caused my parents a lot of trouble, so I want to become a great rich man and treat them well.
00:07:58 (Maria Sato)
Ishikawa Prefecture's Noto Town was hit by a massive earthquake two years ago.
The thoughts of many young people there are on the town's recovery.
00:08:10 (one of the participants in Noto Town)
We've had to deal with major disasters, such as the earthquake, the torrential rainstorms, and the pandemic. These events over the last few years have made us feel uneasy.
I am praying for the region's recovery, and I am thinking about what I can do.
00:08:29 (Maria Sato)
Those were the headlines for this hour.
WEATHER
♫～ 3-DAY FORECAST ～♫
And that's all for this hour on NHK Newsline. I'm Maria Sato in Tokyo.
Do stay with us on NHK World Japan.
checked.
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Easy Japanese
00:10:10 話者 10
Hi there! It's time for NHK World Japan's Easy Japanese.
I'm Mary Kojima.
00:10:15 話者 11
And I'm Michael Reese.
Let's have fun learning Japanese together.
Today, it's lesson 42 on expressing your intent or plans.
Tam finds out that a pianist she admires is going to hold a recital.
It's Yuki.
On the day of the recital, she and her friend Miya go to the concert hall.
00:10:39 話者 10
Let's have a listen to this skit for lesson 42.
Okay, let's examine the meaning line by line.
00:11:12 話者 11
Tam is holding a big bouquet of flowers.
00:11:14 話者 10
Miya says, Tam, those flowers are pretty.
Tam replies, I'm going to give them to Yuki-san.
00:11:29 話者 11
After the performance, applause fills the hall.
00:11:32 話者 10
Tam excitedly says to Miya, That was wonderful.
00:11:38 話者 11
Then Miya suggests to Tam.
00:11:43 話者 10
Okay, let's go backstage.
00:11:45 話者 11
Tam happily agrees.
00:11:48 話者 10
Yes, let's.
00:11:51 話者 11
Tam really seems to have enjoyed Yuki's performance.
00:11:54 話者 10
I wonder if they'll be able to see each other backstage.
00:12:04 話者 11
Today's key phrase is, I'm going to give them to Yuki-san.
If you learn this pattern, you'll be able to express your intent or plans.
00:12:17 話者 10
Let's figure it out piece by piece.
Yukisan ni means to yukisan.
The particle ni indicates the recipient.
Watasu tsumori desu is the dictionary form of the verb watasu, to give, followed by tsumori desu, which means going to.
Today's point.
By combining the dictionary form of a verb and tsumori desu, you can express what you're going to do or intend to do.
00:12:50 話者 11
In the skit, Tam was going to give the bouquet to Yuki after the recital, so she said, Watasu tsumori desu.
00:12:57 話者 10
Now it's your turn.
Listen and repeat.
00:13:03 話者 12
Watasu tsumori desu.
Listen to this conversation.
00:13:27 話者 11
A man is asked about his plans by a Japanese woman he's met during a trip.
00:13:38 話者 13
Here's what it means.
00:13:50 話者 11
Where are you going to go from now?
00:13:53 話者 10
Kore kara means from now.
And doko ni is where to.
Himasuka is the verb to go iku in the polite question form.
00:14:05 話者 11
I'm going to go to Himeji and see the castle.
00:14:12 話者 10
In Himeji ni itte, itte is to go iku in the te form.
Oshiro is shiro, meaning castle, with o before it, which makes it polite.
Miru is to see.
By adding tsumori desu, the man explains his plans.
00:14:34 話者 11
Himeji Castle was built about 400 years ago.
It's a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Now listen and repeat.
00:14:44 話者 12
Oshiro o miru tsumori desu.
Himeji ni de.
Oshiro o miru tsumori desu.
Himeji ni de.
00:15:08 話者 10
All right then, let's practice expressing other things.
Imagine someone at a guest house is asking about your plans for today.
Answer, you're going to go to a museum with a friend.
00:15:21 話者 11
With a friend is...
And museum is...
00:15:31 話者 12
Hakubutsukan.
00:15:33 話者 11
To go is iku iku.
Use the particle ni to indicate direction, remember?
All set?
OK, go ahead.
00:15:50 話者 13
Tobodachito hakubutsukan ni ikutsumori desu.
Tobodachito hakubutsukan ni ikutsumori desu.
00:16:02 話者 10
This time, say you're planning to relax in your room.
In my room is...
And to relax is...
Now give it a try.
00:16:40 話者 11
Got it?
Today's bonus phrase is what Tam said after Yuki's performance.
Memorize it.
00:16:55 話者 10
Sugoku yokata desu means that was wonderful or literally it was very good.
Sugoku.
is very, and yokatta desu means was good.
Sugoku is more casual than totemo.
You'll often hear it in daily conversation.
You can use it with other adjectives, as in it's very tasty.
Sugoku oishii desu.
And it was lots of fun.
Sugoku tanoshikatta desu.
00:17:25 話者 11
Listen to how various people say it.
00:17:28 話者 12
Sugoku yokatta desu.
00:17:30 話者 14
Sugoku yokatta desu.
00:17:35 話者 11
Now you try.
Listen and repeat.
00:17:49 話者 10
Now listen to the skit once more.
00:18:23 話者 11
Next up, Miya's travel guide.
Since we mentioned Himeji Castle earlier, we'll talk about Japanese castles.
00:18:33 話者 10
So, Michael, have you ever been to one?
00:18:34 話者 11
Well, I've been to a few over the years.
In fact, there's a lot of castles in Japan, and they're a great way to get an insight into Japanese history.
00:18:42 話者 10
Yes, Japan has plenty of castles, and they're popular tourist destinations.
There are various kinds.
00:18:48 話者 11
Yes, there are.
Well, for example, Himeji Castle, we talked about in Hyogo Prefecture, is also known as White Heron Castle.
because its elegant appearance, people think, resembles a white heron spreading its wings.
Another example is Matsumoto Castle in Nagano Prefecture, which has the country's oldest existing tower, and it rises 5 tiers.
The contrasting black and white exterior is really quite a sight.
00:19:13 話者 10
I'd like to go there for sure.
There are various ways to enjoy a castle.
You can appreciate its beautiful form, climb up to the tower for a panoramic view, or stroll around the stone wall or the moat to take a trip back in time.
Some sites have virtual reality apps that recreate days gone by.
You can get a picture of history right on your mobile device.
Well, we hope you enjoyed today's Easy Japanese.
00:19:50 話者 11
Tune in next time.
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Great Buddha of Kamakura.
00:20:20 話者 15
Japan has various kinds of landmarks that fascinate visitors.
They range from cultural and historic locations to modern buildings created with cutting-edge technologies.
What led to their creation and what were the challenges involved?
The Backstory of Japanese Landmarks brings you the stories behind these amazing places.
In this episode of The Backstory of Japanese Landmarks, we feature the Great Buddha of Kamakura.
Kamakura is a popular tourist destination located near Tokyo.
It's about a one-hour train ride from the capital.
One of Kamakura's landmarks is the Great Buddha.
As its name suggests, the Great Buddha is a colossal copper statue of Amitabha Buddha.
It was built as the principal deity of Jodo Sect Temple Kotokuin.
The Buddha is nicknamed Brozano Daibutsu, meaning The Great Buddha Sitting Out in the Open.
It's a national treasure of Japan.
From central Kamakura, the train ride and walk to Kotoku-in Temple takes about 15 minutes.
After passing through the temple's gate, the grand statue of Buddha comes into view.
The Buddha sits in a Zen meditation posture and is over 11 meters tall.
Kamakura was the seat of Japan's feudal government from the end of the 12th century to the early 14th century.
The construction of the Great Buddha began during this period in 1252, almost 800 years ago.
Today, the statue is covered with verde gris,
a bright green substance that forms on oxidized copper.
A closer look reveals slight traces of gold leaf, indicating that the statue was originally gilded.
The Great Buddha was made by copper casting.
It's a manufacturing method of melting copper and pouring it into a mold.
But creating a statue that's over 11 meters high wasn't easy at the time, and it wasn't possible to melt over 120 tons of copper in one go.
So the metal was cast in 40 sections.
This is why joints can be seen on the statue's surface.
The Buddha is hollow.
The statue has two windows on its back.
After the statue was completed, the inner mold was removed through these openings.
Today, the windows let in light and air.
The Buddha was enshrined when it was first built, but over time, the hall was damaged by earthquakes and typhoons.
A tsunami at the end of the 15th century swept it away, leaving the Buddha exposed to the open air.
The temple was also abandoned for a certain period, but was restored in the early 18th century.
After a period in which Japan secluded itself from the rest of the world, the Yokohama Port near Kamakura was opened for foreign trade in 1859.
Following this, many foreigners are said to have visited the Great Buddha of Kamakura.
Built nearly eight centuries ago, the great Buddha of Kamakura has a magnificence that continues to captivate people.
Thank you for tuning in to the backstory of Japanese landmarks.
We hope you have a chance to visit these landmarks and see for yourself what makes them so special.
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